Revista Engenharia na Agricultura - REVENG

Emergence and initial growth of cowpea varieties at different temperatures

Magno do Nascimento Amorim — 2024-03-01

Brazil is the largest producer and consumer of beans in the world; however, the prospect of climate change could affect this production. Among these changes, the incidence of rising temperatures can directly affect the crop cycle, influencing biochemical processes that occur during seed germination and seedling emergence. The objective of this work was to determine the optimum temperature level for the emergence and initial growth of three varieties of cowpea. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory linked to the Federal University of the São Francisco Valley, Juazeiro Campus, state of Bahia, with a completely randomized design (DIC), in a 6x3 factorial scheme, with six treatments at different temperature levels: 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 °C; and three varieties of cowpea: BRS Pajeú, BRS Nova Era and BRS Pujante. The following variables were assessed: speed index, average time, relative frequency and percentage of emergence; stem length and diameter; accumulation of fresh and dry biomass in the stem, leaf and root. The ideal temperature range found for the emergence and initial growth of the cowpea varieties BRS Pajeú ranged from 27 to 32 ºC, for BRS Nova Era between 30 and 41 ºC and for BRS Pujante between 29 and 35 ºC. As the BRS Nova Era variety performs better in high temperature conditions, it could be an alternative for growing beans in the face of climate change.

Nitric Oxide as an Attenuator of Copper Toxicity in the concentration of Nutrients in maize Seedlings

Ana Ecidia de Araújo Brito — 2024-07-11

The maize crop is highlighted in the worldwide and Brazilian agribusiness, presenting itself as a raw material for both human and animal nutrition. Nitric oxide (NO) stands out as a signalling molecule playing a crucial role in plant responses to abiotic stresses as caused by heavy metals. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitric oxide on the levels of macro and micronutrients, such as cationic magnesium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc and manganese. The copper bioaccumulation and translocation factor, in the initial growth of maize seedlings were subjected to copper toxicity. The seeds were soaked for 48 hours in Germitest paper using a solution containing sodium nitroprusside Na₂[Fe(CN)₅NO]2H₂O as a donor of nitric oxide, sodium ferrocyanide Na₄Fe (CN)₆ as compensator and deionized water (control). The experiment was carried out in a 4 x 3 completely randomized factorial design with 12 treatments and 8 repetitions, totaling 96 trays containing 25 seeds per repetition. The results showed that the doses of nitric oxide were not sufficient to attenuate the copper toxicity, highlighting the metal accumulation in the roots. The doses of sodium nitroprusside and sodium ferrocyanide provided toxicity, changing the mineral balance in the mobilization of macro and cationic micronutrients and their translocation to the aerial part of K9606VIP3 maize seedlings in the initial growth.

Agroecology, slow food and sustainable development goals (SDGs): resilience of agro-food systems, combat hunger, and local governance

Telma Regina Stroparo — 2024-08-07

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), transcending their prescribed targets and actions, propose a critical reflection on global food production and consumption patterns. These inquiries foster the promotion of resilient agri-food systems, with Agroecology identified as a pragmatically viable alternative for achieving the advocated goals. The scope of this article is to discuss these intersections, demonstrating that simple actions such as valuing local products, as advocated by Slow Food, can strengthen relationships and networks around food, promoting food security, preservation of knowledge, practices, traditions, and biodiversity, as well as the sense of belonging, improvement of quality of life, sustainable development, and local governance. Methodologically, this research is qualitative, adopting a bibliographical approach and employing a literature review to contextualize and reflect the problem, anchored in the Agroecology domains, SDGs, and the paradigm proposed by the Slow Food movement. This study substantially contributes to understanding the intricate relationships between the SDGs, agri-food systems, and Agroecology. By emphasizing the importance of seemingly simple practices, such as valuing local products, the article highlights the imperative of holistic and sustainable approaches to achieve broader sustainable development goals guided by the principles of “well-being.”

Chemical attributes of corn under the path analysis in an Amazon ecosystemic domain

Luana da Silva Pinheiro — 2024-08-23

The present study aims to expose information about the dynamics between the chemical attributes of corn and the direct and indirect influence of these attributes on the proteins of the grain. The attributes analyzed were grain mass, total soluble solids, pH, total titratable acidity, ashes, moisture content, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. A network of correlations was obtained and descriptive statistical results of the attributes were generated. Through a path analysis, in which protein content was the main variable, the direct and indirect correlation between the attributes was determined. The moisture level and ash content obtained for the corn were similar to those found in literature. The levels of protein, lipids, and carbohydrates were lower than those established in the Brazilian Table of Food Composition. It was concluded that lipids were the attributes that best determine corn proteins.

Fertilizer application depth and soil water content: Effect on seed plantability of a seeder in direct planting

Wilson de Almeida Orlando Junior — 2024-08-30

Mechanization is key to increasing efficiency and productivity in agriculture. Therefore, it is important to understand these machines and their operating conditions to assess whether the quality of equipment operation has been satisfactory. Furthermore, planting windows have become increasingly narrower; therefore, an efficient planting operation is essential to ensure uniform stands with high yields. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of three soil water contents (28.7; 36.4 and 47.6%) and three fertilizer application depths (6.3; 11.3 and 14.8 cm) on the seed plantability of a direct planting machine. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot randomized block design, with three replications. The water contents were assigned to the plots and the fertilizer depths to the subplots.

Seed and grain yield and quality of wheat subjected to advanced harvest using a physiological ripening process

Eric Jair Rigotti — 2024-10-08

This study aimed to evaluate the yield performance, physiological and nutritional quality of wheat seeds and grains subjected to times of application of a physiological ripening agent in pre-harvest. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design and the treatments were six times of application of the physiological process of ripening in three replications. The applications were carried out at the ealy milk stage, milk stage, early dough stage, soft dough stage, hard dough stage and a control with no application. Yield, nutritional characteristics and the physiological quality of the seeds were evaluated. Analysis of variance and the Skott Knott test were performed at 5% probability. Linear correlation coefficients between pairs of traits were calculated. The application of the physiological process of ripening from the soft dough stage did not affect wheat grain yield. Wheat seed germination was not impacted when the physiological process of ripening was applied from the hard dough stage. The use of the ripening agent reduced the vigor of wheat seeds, regardless of the time of application. The presence of protein in grains was not influenced by the application of the physiological ripening agent. Starch had the greatest expression when the physiological process of ripening was applied between the milk stage and the early dough stage.

Performance of soybean and corn in sandy soil subjected to increasing doses of micronutrients

Wilmar Pereira Alves Júnior — 2024-11-12

At a global level, it is estimated that between 30% and 50% of agricultural production is influenced by the use of commercial fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of soybean and corn subjected to doses of fertilizers containing multiple micronutrients. The experiment was conducted on the Água Limpa Araras property, in the 2022/2023 season. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks, consisting of six treatments and four replicates, totaling 24 experimental units. Treatments were Fert Micro BR 12 fertilizer doses of: 0; 25; 50; 75; 100 and 125 kg ha^-1. Leaf B, Mn and Zn contents were within the range considered ideal for soybean and corn crops, except in the corn crop, where the leaf Mn content in the control treatment and at a dose of 25 kg ha^-1. Soybean and corn responded to the application of fertilizer containing multiple micronutrients. Soybean responded linearly with the increase in the dose of fertilizer containing multiple micronutrients, reaching a grain yield of 5,535 kg ha^-1 with a dose of 125.0 kg ha^-1. For corn, the maximum estimated dose of fertilizer containing multiple micronutrients was 115.8 kg ha^-1, with grain yield of 12,454.48 kg ha^-1.