On Silences and Naturalizations: A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Formulation of the First National Development Plan (1972-1974)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21118/apgs.v15i4.14655Abstract
Research Objective: To interpret the discourses present in the formulation of the First National Development Plan (I PND), based on the linguistic choices made by the military government.
Theoretical framework: The theoretical basis is anchored in the Argumentative Turn and Discourse Analysis.
Methodology: A triangulation between French Discourse Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis, from the perspectives of Michel Pêcheux and Norman Fairclough, respectively, is carried out to examine the I PND.
Results: The Plan sought to build the ideology of a "Brazilian model of development", which would benefit the entire Brazilian population in a balanced way. We identified the presence of silences (what is left unsaid) in the text of the I PND, such as the non-democratic context Brazil was living, the non-participation of citizens as active subjects of national development, and the linguistic choice of words like Revolution, democracy, and Brazilian temperament. Based on the Ideological-Discursive Formation (IDF) present at the time, the discourse of the I PND reproduced the domination of the national big bourgeoisie over the workers and of the military regime over the opposing groups, by means of an ideologically constructed text. By presenting itself in a "naturalized" way as the only Brazilian model of development, it silences the traces of the domination process.
Originality: The I PND is usually analyzed from an economic perspective. The article sought a new look, from a perspective of public policies, anchored in the Argumentative Turn and Discourse Analysis, with the same academic rigor and validity.
Theoretical and practical contributions: The main contribution of this paper is to show how an economic development plan, usually presented as technical and neutral, is permeated by discursive aspects. The Argumentative Turn, and more specifically Discourse Analysis - usually used to analyze social policies - are used to examine economic public policies.
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