Decompondo a Transparência das Organizações Públicas: uma Proposta de Classificação em Três Camadas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21118/apgs.v13i1.8709Keywords:
camadas da transparência, dimensões da transparência, transparência dos registros, transparência das ações, transparência das intençõesAbstract
A transparência das organizações públicas é imperativa para as sociedades modernas, embora ainda não haja consenso sobre a definição deste construto e sobre seus instrumentos de medição. Para contribuir com esta lacuna, este estudo propõe um modelo teórico explicativo da transparência pública em nível organizacional. Para tanto, desenvolve-se revisão da literatura recente nos últimos dez anos sobre o construto. Defende-se que a transparência pública se manifeste em três camadas: transparência dos registros, que está associada a informações do passado; transparência das ações, que se relaciona aos fatos presentes; e transparência das intenções, que se refere aos atos futuros.Downloads
References
Albu, O. B., & Flyverbom, M. (2016). Organizational Transparency: Conceptualizations, Conditions, and Consequences. Business & Society, 1, 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650316659851
Arellano-Gault, D., & Lepore, W. (2011). Transparency Reforms in the Public Sector: Beyond the New Economics of Organization. Organization Studies, 32(8), 1029–1050. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840611416741
Balkin, J. M. (1999). How mass media simulate political transparency. Cultural Values, 3(4), 393–413. https://doi.org/10.1080/14797589909367175
Ball, C. (2009). What Is Transparency? Public Integrity, 11(4), 293–308. https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922110400
Bannister, F., & Connolly, R. (2011). The Trouble with Transparency: A Critical Review of Openness in e-Government. Policy & Internet, 3(1), 158–187. https://doi.org/10.2202/1944-2866.1076
Christensen, L. T., & Cornelissen, J. (2015). Organizational transparency as myth and metaphor. European Journal of Social Theory, 18(2), 132–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431014555256
Cicatiello, L., De Simone, E., & Gaeta, G. L. (2016). Cross-Country Heterogeneity in Government Transparency and Citizens Political Efficacy: A Multilevel Empirical Analysis. Administration & Society, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399716666356
Costa, J. M. da, & Torres, F. J. V. (2015). Transparência Pública e Controle Social: Uma Análise dos Portais das Prefeituras Paraibanas sob a Ótica do ITGP-M (2014). In XXXIX Encontro da ANPAD (p. 1–18).
Cruz, N. F. da, Tavares, A. F., Marques, R. C., Jorge, S., & Sousa, L. de. (2016). Measuring Local Government Transparency. Public Management Review, 18(6), 866–893. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2015.1051572
Cucciniello, M., Porumbescu, G. A., & Grimmelikhuijsen, S. (2017). 25 Years of Transparency Research: Evidence and Future Directions. Public Administration Review, 77(1), 32–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12685
Cukierman, A. (2009). The Limits of Transparency. Economic Notes, 38(1–2), 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0300.2009.00208.x
Dawes, S. S. (2010). Stewardship and usefulness: Policy principles for information-based transparency. Government Information Quarterly, 27(4), 377–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2010.07.001
Douglas, S., & Meijer, A. J. (2016). Transparency and Public Value—Analyzing the Transparency Practices and Value Creation of Public Utilities. International Journal of Public Administration, 39(12), 940–951. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1064133
Etzioni, A. (2010). Is Transparency the Best Disinfectant? Journal of Political Philosophy, 18(4), 389–404. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9760.2010.00366.x
Fenster, M. (2015). Transparency in search of a theory. European Journal of Social Theory, 18(2), 150–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431014555257
Florini, A. M. (1998). The End of Secrecy. Foreign Policy, 111, 50–63. https://doi.org/10.2307/1149378
Flyverbom, M. (2015). Sunlight in cyberspace? On transparency as a form of ordering. European Journal of Social Theory, 18(2), 168–184. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431014555258
Goethe, J. W. von. (1945). O Cavaleiro da Mão de Ferro. Lisboa: Edições Ultramar,Lda.
Grimmelikhuijsen, S., & Meijer, A. J. (2014). Effects of transparency on the perceived trustworthiness of a government organization: Evidence from an online experiment. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 24(1), 137–157. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mus048
Grimmelikhuijsen, S., Porumbescu, G., Hong, B., & Im, T. (2013). The effect of transparency on trust in government: A cross-national comparative experiment. Public Administration Review, 73(4), 575–586. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12047
Hansen, H. K., Christensen, L. T., & Flyverbom, M. (2015). Introduction: Logics of transparency in late modernity. European Journal of Social Theory, 18(2), 117–131. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431014555254
Hansen, H. K., & Flyverbom, M. (2014). The politics of transparency and the calibration of knowledge in the digital age. Organization, 22(6), 872–889. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508414522315
Heald, D. (2006). Varieties of Transparency. In Transparency: The Key to Better Governance? (p. 24–43). British Academy. https://doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263839.003.0002
Heald, D. (2012). Why is transparency about public expenditure so elusive? International Review of Administrative Sciences, 78(1), 30–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852311429931
Hollyer, J. R., Rosendorff, B. P., & Vreeland, J. R. (2011). Democracy and transparency. Journal of Politics, 73(4), 1191–1205. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381611000880
Hollyer, J. R., Rosendorff, B. P., & Vreeland, J. R. (2014). Measuring transparency. Political Analysis, 22(4), 413–434. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpu001
Hood, C. (2007). What happens when transparency meets blame-avoidance? Public Management Review, 9(2), 191–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719030701340275
Ingrams, A. (2016). Transparency. In A. Farazmand (Org.), Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance (p. 1–6). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_2256-1
Janssen, M., Matheus, R., Longo, J., & Weerakkody, V. (2017). Transparency-by-design as a foundation for open government. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 11(1), 2–8. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-02-2017-0015
Kaufmann, D., & Bellver, A. (2005). Transparenting Transparency: Initial Empirics and Policy Applications. Ssrn, 1–73. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.808664
Kolstad, I., & Wiig, A. (2009). Is Transparency the Key to Reducing Corruption in Resource-Rich Countries? World Development, 37(3), 521–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.07.002
Lee, T. H., & Boynton, L. A. (2017). Conceptualizing transparency: Propositions for the integration of situational factors and stakeholders’ perspectives. Public Relations Inquiry, 6(3), 233–251. https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X17694937
Leite, J. B. D., & Porsse, M. D. C. S. (2003). Competição Baseada em Competências e Aprendizagem Organizacional: em Busca da Vantagem Competitiva. Revista de Administração Contemporânea - RAC, Edição Esp, 121–141. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-65552003000500007
Licht, J. de F., Naurin, D., Esaiasson, P., & Gilljam, M. (2014). When Does Transparency Generate Legitimacy? Experimenting on a Context-Bound Relationship. Governance, 27(1), 111–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12021
Lindstedt, C., & Naurin, D. (2010). Transparency is not enough: Making transparency effective in reducing corruption. International Political Science Review, 31(3), 301–322. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512110377602
Marino, P. de B. L. P., Sucupira, G. I. C. S., Siqueira, W. R. de, & Bermejo, and P. H. de S. (2017). Public transparency in the brazilian context: An integrative review. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 299(1), 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65930-5_22
Meijer, A. J. (2009). Understanding modern transparency. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 75(2), 255–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852309104175
Meijer, A. J. (2013). Understanding the Complex Dynamics of Transparency. Public Administration Review, 73(3), 429–439. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12032
Meijer, A. J. (2015). Government Transparency in Historical Perspective: From the Ancient Regime to Open Data in The Netherlands. International Journal of Public Administration, 38(3), 189–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2014.934837
Meijer, A. J., Curtin, D., & Hillebrandt, M. (2012). Open government: connecting vision and voice. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 78(1), 10–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852311429533
Meijer, A. J., Hart, P. ’t, & Worthy, B. (2015). Assessing Government Transparency: An Interpretive Framework. Administration & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399715598341
Michener, G., & Bersch, K. (2013). Identifying transparency. Information Polity, 18(3), 233–242. https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-130299
Mol, A. P. J. (2010). The Future of Transparency: Power, Pitfalls and Promises. Global Environmental Politics, 10(3), 132–143. https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00018
Muthukrishna, M., Francois, P., Pourahmadi, S., & Henrich, J. (2017). Corrupting cooperation and how anti-corruption strategies may backfire. Nature Human Behaviour, 1(7), 0138. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-017-0138
Park, H., & Blenkinsopp, J. (2011). The roles of transparency and trust in the relationship between corruption and citizen satisfaction. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 77(2), 254–274. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852311399230
Parris, D. L., Dapko, J. L., Arnold, R. W., & Arnold, D. (2016). Exploring transparency: a new framework for responsible business management. Management Decision, 54(1), 222–247. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-07-2015-0279
Piotrowski, S. J. (2014). Transparency: A Regime Value Linked With Ethics. Administration and Society, 46(2), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399713519098
Piotrowski, S. J., & Van Ryzin, G. G. (2007). Citizen Attitudes Toward Transparency in Local Government. The American Review of Public Administration, 37(3), 306–323. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074006296777
Porumbescu, G. (2017a). Does Transparency Improve Citizens’ Perceptions of Government Performance? Evidence From Seoul, South Korea. Administration & Society, 49(3), 443–468. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399715593314
Porumbescu, G. (2017b). Linking Transparency to Trust in Government and Voice. The American Review of Public Administration, 47(5), 520–537. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074015607301
Raupp, F. M., & Pinho, J. A. G. de. (2016). Review of passive transparency in Brazilian city councils. Revista de Administração, 51(3), 288–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rausp.2016.02.001
Rawlins, B. (2008a). Give the Emperor a Mirror: Toward Developing a Stakeholder Measurement of Organizational Transparency. Journal of Public Relations Research, 21(1), 71–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/10627260802153421
Rawlins, B. (2008b). Measuring the relationship between organizational transparency and trust. Public relations Journal, 2(2), 1–21.
Roberts, J. (2009). No one is perfect: The limits of transparency and an ethic for “intelligent” accountability. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 34(8), 957–970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2009.04.005
Santos, M. Dos, & Visentini, M. S. (2018). Elaboração de um ranking da transparência e compreensão das práticas de gestão de municípios integrantes do COREDE Missões-RS. Administração Pública e Gestão Social, 10(4), 239–247. https://doi.org/10.21118/apgs.v10i4.1925
Schauer, F. (2011). Transparency in three dimensions. University of Illinois Law Review, 2011, 1339–1358. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9760.2010.00366.x
Schnackenberg, A. K., & Tomlinson, E. C. (2016). Organizational Transparency: A New Perspective on Managing Trust in Organization-Stakeholder Relationships. Journal of Management, 42(7), 1784–1810. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314525202
Stieglitz, S., & Dang-Xuan, L. (2013). Social media and political communication: a social media analytics framework. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 3(4), 1277–1291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-012-0079-3
Valle-Cruz, D., Sandoval-Almazan, R., & Gil-Garcia, J. R. (2016). Citizens’ perceptions of the impact of information technology use on transparency, efficiency and corruption in local governments. Information Polity, 21(3), 321–334. https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-160393
Vieira, A. P. D. S., Mendonça, A. D. S., Cavalheiro, R. T., & Kremer, A. M. (2018). Accountability no Mato Grosso do Sul: um retrato a partir dos portais eletrônicos municipais. Administração Pública e Gestão Social, 10(4), 292–302. https://doi.org/10.21118/apgs.v10i4.2018
Williams, A. (2009). On the release of information by governments: Causes and consequences. Journal of Development Economics, 89(1), 124–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.08.001
Williams, A. (2015). A global index of information transparency and accountability. Journal of Comparative Economics, 43(3), 804–824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2014.10.004
Worthy, B. (2010). More Open but Not More Trusted? The Effect of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 on the United Kingdom Central Government. Governance, 23(4), 561–582. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2010.01498.x
Zwitter, A. (2014). Big Data ethics. Big Data & Society, 1(2), 205395171455925. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951714559253
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Administração Pública e Gestão Social
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.
Authors who publish in the Journal of Public Administration and Management Social (APGS) must agree to the following terms:
• Authors retain copyright and give the journal the rightof first publication with the work simultaneously licensed underthe Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting sharingwork with the recognition of the work of authorship and publicationstarting in this journal.
• Authors have authorization to assume additional contractsseparately for non-exclusive distribution of the work releasepublished in this journal (eg. publish in institutional repositories oras a book), with an acknowledgment of its publicationstarting this journal.
• Authors are permitted and encouraged to post theirwork online (eg, in institutional repositories or on their websitepersonnel) at any point before or during the submission process, asit can generate criticism and helpful suggestions, as well asincrease the impact and citation of published work.
• Authors reserve the right of the editors of this journal to make in theoriginal works, alterations of normative order, orthographic andgrammatical, aiming at complying with its editorial policy and keep thedefault cult of language, respecting, however, the authors' style.
• Authors assume exclusive responsibility for their opinionsgiven in the articles published in this journal.
