Práticas de gestão de recursos humanos nas organizações sociais em Portugal: um estudo exploratório
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21118/apgs.v12i1.5597Palabras clave:
Organizações sociais, Gestão recursos humanos, Recrutamento, seleção e integração, Voluntários, Portugal.Resumen
Os recursos humanos são apontados como um importante ativo para as organizações em geral, sendo particularmente relevante para as organizações sociais. Este estudo procede à recolha de dados primários, por questionário, junto dos responsáveis das organizações sociais em Portugal, com o objetivo de conhecer as suas práticas de gestão de recursos humanos. Um objetivo complementar do estudo consistiu em compreender se essas práticas variavam (ou não) em função do perfil da organização social e do seu responsável.
A investigação quantitativa realizada indicou uma forte valorização das práticas de gestão de recursos humanos, com perfis distintos em função das organizações sociais. Assim, enquanto algumas organizações procuram valorizar a gestão de colaboradores remunerados, outras tendem a concentrar a sua atenção essencialmente na gestão de voluntários. A investigação revela ainda que a valorização de diferentes práticas de gestão de recursos humanos é condicionada pelas características do empreendedor social e do nível de concorrência do ambiente em que as organizações atuam.
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Akingbola, K. (2016). Managing Human Resources for Nonprofits. London, Routledge- Taylor & Francis Group.
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Bacq, S. & Janssen, F. (2011). The multiple faces of social entrepreneurship: A review of definitional issues based on geographical and thematic criteria. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development: An International Journal, 23 (5-6), 373-403.
Bacq, S., Hartog, C., Hoogendoorn, B., & Lepoutre, J. (2011). Social and commercial entrepreneurship: Exploring individual and organizational characteristics. Scales Research Reports, EIM Business and Policy Research. Acedido em janeiro 29, 2017, em http://www.ondernemerschap.nl/sys/cftags/assetnow/design/widgets/site/ctm_getFile.cfm?file=H201110.pdf&perId=615
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Bloom, P., & Chatterji, A. (2009). Scaling social entrepreneurial impact. California Management Review, 51 (3), 114–133.
Bloom, P., & Smith, B. (2010). Identifying the drivers of social entrepreneurial impact: Theoretical development and an exploratory empirical test of SCALERS. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 1 (1), 126-145.
Brunt, C. (2016). Human Resource Management in International NGOs- Exploring Strategy, Practice and Policy. London, Palgrave Macmillan UK.
CASE (2008). Developing the field of social entrepreneurship. [em linha]. Center for the Advancement of Social Entrepreneurship. Acedido em setembro 15, 2017, em http://www.caseatduke.org/documents/CASE_Field-Building_Report_June08.pdf
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Certo, S., & Miller, T. (2008). Social entrepreneurship: Key issues and concepts. Business Horizons, 51(4), 267-271.
Collis, D., & Montgomery, C. (1981). Corporate strategy: A resource-based approach. Auckland: McGraw-Hill.
Dees, J. (1998). Enterprising nonprofits: What do you do when traditional sources of funding fall short? Harvard Business Review, 76 (1), 55-67.
Domenico, M., Haugh, H., & Tracey, P. (2010). Social bricolage: theorizing social value creation in social enterprises. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 34 (4), 681-703.
Estrin, S.; Mickiewicz, T.; & Stephan, U. (2013). Entrepreneurship, social capital, and institutions: Social and commercial entrepreneurship across nations. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37 (3), 479-504.
Ferreira, S. (2005). O que tem de especial o empreendedor social? O perfil de emprego do empresário social em Portugal. Publicações Oficina do CES, 223. Acedido em setembro 16, 2017, em http://www.ces.uc.pt/publicacoes/oficina/223/223.pdf
Gallagher, D., Gilmore, A., & Stolz, A. (2012): The strategic marketing of small sports clubs: From fundraising to social entrepreneurship, Journal of Strategic Marketing, 20 (3), 231-247.
Guclu, A., Dees, J., & Anderson, B. (2002). The process of social entrepreneurship: Creating opportunities worthy of serious pursuit. CASE Working Paper Series 3. Duke Fuqua School Duke University: Center for the Advancement of Social Entrepreneurship.
Harris, D., & Kor, Y. (2013). The role of human capital in scaling social entrepreneurship. Journal of Management for Global Sustainability, 1 (2), 163-172.
Hill, M., & Hill, A. (2000). Investigação por questionário. Lisboa: Edições Sílabo.
Hoogendoorn, B., & Hartog, C. (2011). Prevalence and determinants of social entrepreneurship at the macro-level. Scales Research Reports H201022, EIM Business and Policy Research. Acedido em junho 29, 2017, em http://www.entrepreneurship-sme.eu/pdf-ez/H201022.pdf
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Johnson, S. 2000. Literature review on social entrepreneurship. Canadian Centre for Social Entrepreneurship.
Korosec, R., & Berman, E. (2006). Municipal support for social entrepreneurship. Public Administration Review, 66 (3), 448-462.
Leadbeater, C. (1997). The rise of the social entrepreneur. London: Demos.
Leahy, G., & Villeneuve-Smith, F. (2009). State of social enterprise survey. London: Social Enterprise Coalition.
Lei n.º 71/98 de 3 de novembro. Diário da República n.º 254/1998 - I Série A. Assembleia da República. Lisboa.
Light, P. (2008). The search for social entrepreneurship. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
London, M., & Morfopoulos, R. (2010). Social entrepreneurship: How to start successful corporate social responsibility and community-based initiatives for advocacy and change. London: Routledge.
Lyons, T., & Lichtenstein, G. (2010). A community- wide framework for encouraging social entrepreneurship using the pipeline of entrepreneurs and enterprises model. In A. Fayolle, & H. Matlay (eds.), Handbook of research on social entrepreneurship (252-270), Massachusetts: Edward Elgard.
Mair, J. (2010). Social entrepreneurship: taking stock and looking ahead. In A. Fayolle, & H. Matlay (eds.), Handbook of research on social entrepreneurship (15-28), Massachusetts: Edward Elgard.
National Survey of Third Sector Organisations (2008). National Survey of Third Sector Organisations. Cabinet Office of the Third Sector. Acedido em março 10, 2017, em http://www.communityplanningtoolkit.org/sites/default/files/OutcomesR4.pdf.
Nenobais, H., Kasim, A. & Maksum, I. (2016). he Capacity Development of Non-Profit Organizations in the Growth Stage (An Action Research Based on the SSM). Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik, 20, 2, 36-47.
Okpara, J., & Halkias, D. (2011). Social entrepreneurship: An overview of its theoretical evolution and proposed research model. International Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 1 (4), 4-20.
Parente, C. (2010). Gestão de Pessoas nas OSFL. In C. Azevedo, R. Franco, & J. Meneses (Eds.), Gestão de organizações sem fins lucrativos (307-353), Lisboa: Vida Económica.
Parente, C. (2013). A gestão de pessoas em organizações do terceiro setor. Work in Progress in Empreendedorismo social em Portugal: As políticas, organizações e as práticas de educação/formação. Acedido em maio 2, 2017, em http://web3.letras.up.pt/empsoc/index.php/produtos/category/11-artigos
Parente, C., Costa, D., Santos, M., & Amador, C. (2013). Empreendedorismo social: Dos conceitos às escolas de fundamentação. As configurações de um conceito em construção. Work in Progress in Empreendedorismo social em Portugal: As políticas, organizações e as práticas de educação/formação. Acedido em abril 3, 2017, em http://web3.letras.up.pt/empsoc/index.php/produtos/category/11-artigos
Parente, C., Santos, M., Marcos, V., Costa, D., & Veloso, L. (2012). Perspectives of social entrepreneurship in Portugal: Comparison and contrast with international theoretical approaches. International Review of Social Research, 2 (2), 113-134.
Parsehyan, B. G. (2017). Human Resources Management in Nonprofit Organizations: A Case Study of Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts, In L. Mura (Ed.), Issues of Human Resource Management, InTech DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.68816. Acedido em setembro 15, 2017, em https://www.intechopen.com/books/issues-of-human-resource-management/human-resources-management-in-nonprofit-organizations-a-case-study-of-istanbul-foundation-for-cultur
Patel, S., & Mehta, K. (2011). Life’s principles as a framework for designing successful social enterprises. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 2 (1), 218-230.
Peredo, A., & McLean, M. (2006). Social entrepreneurship: A critical review of the concept. Journal of World Business, 41 (1), 56-65.
Royce, M. (2007). Using human resource management tools to support social enterprise. Social Enterprise Journal, 3 (1), 10-19.
Schepers, C., Gieter, S., Pepermans, R., Bois, C., Caers, R., & Jegers, M. (2005). How are employees of the nonprofit sector motivated? A research need. Nonprofit Management and Leadership,16 (2), 191-208.
Selden, S. & Sowa, J. (2016). Voluntary Turnover in Nonprofit Human Service Organizations: The Impact of High Performance Work Practices. Human Service Organizations Management, 39(3), 1-26.
Sharir, M., & Lerner, M. (2006). Gauging the success of social ventures initiated by individual social entrepreneurs. Journal of World Business, 41 (1), 6-20.
Sousa, M., & Baptista, C. (2011). Como fazer investigação, dissertações, teses e relatórios : segundo Bolonha. (2.ª edição). Lisboa: Pactor.
Teare, R., & Ingram, H. (1993). Strategic management: A resource-based approach for the hospitality and tourism industries. London: Cassell.
Villeneuve-Smith, F., & Chung, C. (2013). State of Social Enterprise Survey. London: Social Enterprise Coalition.
Young, D., Faulk, L., & Harvey, N. (2009). The boundaries of social Enterprise: When can a failing business succeed in nonprofit form? EMES European Research Network, EMES Conferences Selected Papers Series.
Yunus, M. (2011). A empresa social (A. Saldanha, Trad., Tradução do original em inglês Building social business- The new kind of capitalism that serves humanity's most pressing needs). Lisboa: Editorial Presença.
Zhang, D., & Swanson, L. (2013). Social entrepreneurship in nonprofit organizations: An empirical investigation of the synergy between social and business objectives, Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 25 (1), 105-125.
Akingbola, K. (2016). Managing Human Resources for Nonprofits. London, Routledge- Taylor & Francis Group.
Alter, S. (2000). Managing the double bottom line - A business planning reference guide for social enterprises. Washington, DC: PACT Publications.
Alter, S. (2008). Social enterprise models and their mission and money relationships. In A. Nicholls (Ed.), Social entrepreneurship: new models of sustainable social change (205-232). New York: Oxford University Press.
Austin, J., Leonard, H., Reficco, E., & Wei-Skillern, J. (2008). Social entrepreneurship: It is for corporations, too. In A. Nicholls (Ed.), Social entrepreneurship: new models of sustainable social change (169 – 180). New York: Oxford University Press.
Azevedo, C. & Couto, P. (2010). O desafio da sustentabilidade das OSFL e as finanças locais. In C. Azevedo, R. Franco, & J. Meneses (Eds.), Gestão de organizações sem fins lucrativos (371-407). Lisboa: Vida Económica.
Bacq, S. & Janssen, F. (2011). The multiple faces of social entrepreneurship: A review of definitional issues based on geographical and thematic criteria. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development: An International Journal, 23 (5-6), 373-403.
Bacq, S., Hartog, C., Hoogendoorn, B., & Lepoutre, J. (2011). Social and commercial entrepreneurship: Exploring individual and organizational characteristics. Scales Research Reports, EIM Business and Policy Research. Acedido em janeiro 29, 2017, em http://www.ondernemerschap.nl/sys/cftags/assetnow/design/widgets/site/ctm_getFile.cfm?file=H201110.pdf&perId=615
Baral, S., Simons, K., Lane, A., & Zhang, C. (2012). China Social Enterprise Report, FYSE. Acedido em setembro 10, 2017, em http://www.bsr.org/reports/FYSE_China_Social_Enterprise_Report_2012.PDF
Bloom, P., & Chatterji, A. (2009). Scaling social entrepreneurial impact. California Management Review, 51 (3), 114–133.
Bloom, P., & Smith, B. (2010). Identifying the drivers of social entrepreneurial impact: Theoretical development and an exploratory empirical test of SCALERS. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 1 (1), 126-145.
Brunt, C. (2016). Human Resource Management in International NGOs- Exploring Strategy, Practice and Policy. London, Palgrave Macmillan UK.
CASE (2008). Developing the field of social entrepreneurship. [em linha]. Center for the Advancement of Social Entrepreneurship. Acedido em setembro 15, 2017, em http://www.caseatduke.org/documents/CASE_Field-Building_Report_June08.pdf
CASES– Cooperativa António Sérgio para a Economia Social (2016). Conta Satélite da Economia Social – 2013, acedido em setembro 14, 2017, em http://www.cases.pt/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Destaque_Conta_Satelite_da_Economia_Social.pdf.
Certo, S., & Miller, T. (2008). Social entrepreneurship: Key issues and concepts. Business Horizons, 51(4), 267-271.
Collis, D., & Montgomery, C. (1981). Corporate strategy: A resource-based approach. Auckland: McGraw-Hill.
Dees, J. (1998). Enterprising nonprofits: What do you do when traditional sources of funding fall short? Harvard Business Review, 76 (1), 55-67.
Domenico, M., Haugh, H., & Tracey, P. (2010). Social bricolage: theorizing social value creation in social enterprises. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 34 (4), 681-703.
Estrin, S.; Mickiewicz, T.; & Stephan, U. (2013). Entrepreneurship, social capital, and institutions: Social and commercial entrepreneurship across nations. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37 (3), 479-504.
Ferreira, S. (2005). O que tem de especial o empreendedor social? O perfil de emprego do empresário social em Portugal. Publicações Oficina do CES, 223. Acedido em setembro 16, 2017, em http://www.ces.uc.pt/publicacoes/oficina/223/223.pdf
Gallagher, D., Gilmore, A., & Stolz, A. (2012): The strategic marketing of small sports clubs: From fundraising to social entrepreneurship, Journal of Strategic Marketing, 20 (3), 231-247.
Guclu, A., Dees, J., & Anderson, B. (2002). The process of social entrepreneurship: Creating opportunities worthy of serious pursuit. CASE Working Paper Series 3. Duke Fuqua School Duke University: Center for the Advancement of Social Entrepreneurship.
Harris, D., & Kor, Y. (2013). The role of human capital in scaling social entrepreneurship. Journal of Management for Global Sustainability, 1 (2), 163-172.
Hill, M., & Hill, A. (2000). Investigação por questionário. Lisboa: Edições Sílabo.
Hoogendoorn, B., & Hartog, C. (2011). Prevalence and determinants of social entrepreneurship at the macro-level. Scales Research Reports H201022, EIM Business and Policy Research. Acedido em junho 29, 2017, em http://www.entrepreneurship-sme.eu/pdf-ez/H201022.pdf
INE- Instituto Nacional de Estatística (2016). Boletim mensal de estatística, 12. Acedido em setembro 15, 2017, em https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_publicacoes&PUBLICACOESpub_boui=133935&PUBLICACOESmodo=2
Johnson, S. 2000. Literature review on social entrepreneurship. Canadian Centre for Social Entrepreneurship.
Korosec, R., & Berman, E. (2006). Municipal support for social entrepreneurship. Public Administration Review, 66 (3), 448-462.
Leadbeater, C. (1997). The rise of the social entrepreneur. London: Demos.
Leahy, G., & Villeneuve-Smith, F. (2009). State of social enterprise survey. London: Social Enterprise Coalition.
Lei n.º 71/98 de 3 de novembro. Diário da República n.º 254/1998 - I Série A. Assembleia da República. Lisboa.
Light, P. (2008). The search for social entrepreneurship. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
London, M., & Morfopoulos, R. (2010). Social entrepreneurship: How to start successful corporate social responsibility and community-based initiatives for advocacy and change. London: Routledge.
Lyons, T., & Lichtenstein, G. (2010). A community- wide framework for encouraging social entrepreneurship using the pipeline of entrepreneurs and enterprises model. In A. Fayolle, & H. Matlay (eds.), Handbook of research on social entrepreneurship (252-270), Massachusetts: Edward Elgard.
Mair, J. (2010). Social entrepreneurship: taking stock and looking ahead. In A. Fayolle, & H. Matlay (eds.), Handbook of research on social entrepreneurship (15-28), Massachusetts: Edward Elgard.
National Survey of Third Sector Organisations (2008). National Survey of Third Sector Organisations. Cabinet Office of the Third Sector. Acedido em março 10, 2017, em http://www.communityplanningtoolkit.org/sites/default/files/OutcomesR4.pdf.
Nenobais, H., Kasim, A. & Maksum, I. (2016). he Capacity Development of Non-Profit Organizations in the Growth Stage (An Action Research Based on the SSM). Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik, 20, 2, 36-47.
Okpara, J., & Halkias, D. (2011). Social entrepreneurship: An overview of its theoretical evolution and proposed research model. International Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 1 (4), 4-20.
Parente, C. (2010). Gestão de Pessoas nas OSFL. In C. Azevedo, R. Franco, & J. Meneses (Eds.), Gestão de organizações sem fins lucrativos (307-353), Lisboa: Vida Económica.
Parente, C. (2013). A gestão de pessoas em organizações do terceiro setor. Work in Progress in Empreendedorismo social em Portugal: As políticas, organizações e as práticas de educação/formação. Acedido em maio 2, 2017, em http://web3.letras.up.pt/empsoc/index.php/produtos/category/11-artigos
Parente, C., Costa, D., Santos, M., & Amador, C. (2013). Empreendedorismo social: Dos conceitos às escolas de fundamentação. As configurações de um conceito em construção. Work in Progress in Empreendedorismo social em Portugal: As políticas, organizações e as práticas de educação/formação. Acedido em abril 3, 2017, em http://web3.letras.up.pt/empsoc/index.php/produtos/category/11-artigos
Parente, C., Santos, M., Marcos, V., Costa, D., & Veloso, L. (2012). Perspectives of social entrepreneurship in Portugal: Comparison and contrast with international theoretical approaches. International Review of Social Research, 2 (2), 113-134.
Parsehyan, B. G. (2017). Human Resources Management in Nonprofit Organizations: A Case Study of Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts, In L. Mura (Ed.), Issues of Human Resource Management, InTech DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.68816. Acedido em setembro 15, 2017, em https://www.intechopen.com/books/issues-of-human-resource-management/human-resources-management-in-nonprofit-organizations-a-case-study-of-istanbul-foundation-for-cultur
Patel, S., & Mehta, K. (2011). Life’s principles as a framework for designing successful social enterprises. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 2 (1), 218-230.
Peredo, A., & McLean, M. (2006). Social entrepreneurship: A critical review of the concept. Journal of World Business, 41 (1), 56-65.
Royce, M. (2007). Using human resource management tools to support social enterprise. Social Enterprise Journal, 3 (1), 10-19.
Schepers, C., Gieter, S., Pepermans, R., Bois, C., Caers, R., & Jegers, M. (2005). How are employees of the nonprofit sector motivated? A research need. Nonprofit Management and Leadership,16 (2), 191-208.
Selden, S. & Sowa, J. (2016). Voluntary Turnover in Nonprofit Human Service Organizations: The Impact of High Performance Work Practices. Human Service Organizations Management, 39(3), 1-26.
Sharir, M., & Lerner, M. (2006). Gauging the success of social ventures initiated by individual social entrepreneurs. Journal of World Business, 41 (1), 6-20.
Sousa, M., & Baptista, C. (2011). Como fazer investigação, dissertações, teses e relatórios : segundo Bolonha. (2.ª edição). Lisboa: Pactor.
Teare, R., & Ingram, H. (1993). Strategic management: A resource-based approach for the hospitality and tourism industries. London: Cassell.
Villeneuve-Smith, F., & Chung, C. (2013). State of Social Enterprise Survey. London: Social Enterprise Coalition.
Young, D., Faulk, L., & Harvey, N. (2009). The boundaries of social Enterprise: When can a failing business succeed in nonprofit form? EMES European Research Network, EMES Conferences Selected Papers Series.
Yunus, M. (2011). A empresa social (A. Saldanha, Trad., Tradução do original em inglês Building social business- The new kind of capitalism that serves humanity's most pressing needs). Lisboa: Editorial Presença.
Zhang, D., & Swanson, L. (2013). Social entrepreneurship in nonprofit organizations: An empirical investigation of the synergy between social and business objectives, Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 25 (1), 105-125.
Publicado
2019-11-28
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Bernardino, S., & Freitas Santos, J. (2019). Práticas de gestão de recursos humanos nas organizações sociais em Portugal: um estudo exploratório. Revista De Administração Pública E Gestão Social. https://doi.org/10.21118/apgs.v12i1.5597
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