After all, what choice do families have in Brazil? Influence of school choice on the efficiency of public elementary education in Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21118/apgs.v14i2.12287Abstract
- Research objective: to analyze the influence of school choice on the efficiency of public elementary schools in Brazil.
- Theoretical framework: the school choice theory consists of applications of the Tiebout hypothesis in education, being the competition that propels families' school choice.
- Methodology: As a unit of analysis, in each municipality, the set of schools classified according to the education network (state or municipal) and the provision of elementary school years (all, only the initials or only the end). An efficiency index was built based on the product-oriented VCR sequential DEA methodology. Competition indexes were built. The OLS panel was used with biennial data from 2007 to 2015. Three types of competition were analyzed: horizontal (among all schools), private (from private schools) and vertical (between state and municipal schools).
- Results: horizontal competition had a weak and positive influence on the efficiency of public schools associated with larger networks; the influence of private competition was weak, but positive in larger networks; and vertical competition had a negative influence on municipal schools.
- Originality: School choice and efficiency are discussed in interface with the existing competition in Brazil in different facets, in addition to describing and measuring particularities of this country in terms of competition and showing limits to choice.
- Theoretical and practical contributions: the theory of school choice adapted to Brazil considers restrictions on choice, vertical competition and choice within the municipal territory. Reforms to expand choice, end vertical competition and strengthen municipal networks are suggested actions to increase the positive effect of choice and to improve educational outcomes in Brazil.
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