Mozambique’s Dilemma in the Transition to Renewable Energy

Abstract

This study investigates the challenges Mozambique faces in balancing its rich fossil fuel reserves with the growing global pressure for cleaner energy sources, highlighting the COP26 summit as a turning point in this debate. We explore the conflict between development driven by fossil resources and the demand for sustainable practices, examining the country’s efforts to balance economic development and environmental preservation, such as reforestation projects and conservation programs supported by the World Bank Group. However, Mozambique’s dilemma reflects global environmental concerns, international commitments, and local expectations. The transition to renewable energy requires not only structural changes but also transformations in public perception and policy. Our goal is to analyze how Mozambique can reconcile its development needs with global pressure for more sustainable practices, identifying theoretical and policy options that can guide future decisions. This study adopts a qualitative approach, using bibliographic and documentary research as the main data collection techniques. We highlight the complexity of the dilemma faced by the country and the need for a multifaceted approach that takes into account the economic, environmental, and social interests involved.