Métodos Eletroanalíticos como Ferramenta para Determinar a Capacidade Antioxidante em Amostras de Sangue
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18540/jcecvl10iss8pp20793Palavras-chave:
Estresse oxidativo; Espécies reativas de oxigênio; Bioeletroquímica.Resumo
O metabolismo aeróbico é um processo essencial para a produção de energia nas células, mas também gera espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs), que, em excesso, podem causar danos celulares e contribuir para o desenvolvimento de diversas doenças, como doenças cardiovasculares, câncer e distúrbios neurodegenerativos. O equilíbrio entre ROS e antioxidantes é crucial para a saúde, sendo que um desequilíbrio pode levar ao estresse oxidativo, um fator de risco significativo para várias condições clínicas. As técnicas eletroanalíticas, como voltametria cíclica (VC), voltametria de onda quadrada (VOQ) e voltametria de pulso diferencial (VPD), têm se mostrado ferramentas poderosas para avaliar a capacidade antioxidante de maneira mais eficiente e precisa do que os métodos tradicionais espectrofotométricos. Essas técnicas oferecem vantagens notáveis, como alta sensibilidade, simplicidade e a capacidade de analisar amostras biológicas complexas de forma rápida. A VC permite a análise de compostos com boa sensibilidade, a VPD destaca-se pela sua alta precisão, enquanto a VOQ oferece excelente resolução e rapidez, sendo ideal para aplicações clínicas. O uso dessas metodologias tem sido ampliado na análise de antioxidantes em diversas matrizes biológicas, o que possibilita uma avaliação mais precisa do estresse oxidativo e do estado antioxidante em contextos clínicos específicos. Além disso, os biossensores eletroquímicos têm se tornado ferramentas revolucionárias no diagnóstico clínico, permitindo o monitoramento em tempo real de doenças relacionadas ao estresse oxidativo. Inovações como dispositivos portáteis e integração com inteligência artificial prometem aprimorar ainda mais a acessibilidade e a personalização dos tratamentos, apesar dos desafios que envolvem o custo e a padronização dos dispositivos.
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